Forced prostitution

Voluntary vs. forced prostitution

Can voluntary prostitution be separated from forced prostitution? The public debate on prostitution frequently differentiates between voluntary prostitution and forced prostitution. The term sex work is used to emphasise a voluntary nature and independence.

Overview of contents

The boundaries are blurred

From our perspective, it’s virtually impossible to separate these areas. The boundaries frequently become blurred. We find that women involved in so-called independent prostitution certainly experience force and violence. These moments shape their future path.

In our experience, many women alternate between moments of exploitation and moments of independent pursuit of prostitution. Since it’s not easy to escape the red-light district, very few women remain working independently, even if they manage to escape the pimps.

Is prostitution voluntary if...

…someone in a situation of poverty and lack of education sees no alternative of survival within their own family other than working the streets?

…someone regularly experienced sexual abuse during childhood and therefore internalised the feeling of being worthless and useful only for sex?

…someone is coerced into prostitution by a loverboy, eventually gets rid of him and then continues to prostitute themselves anyway because their self-perception was so damaged through the manipulation that they don’t see any other alternative?

…someone voluntarily enters prostitution but is heavily traumatised by the violence experienced and is unable to escape their situation?

Forced prostitution and “voluntary” prostitution are virtually inseparable

We find that the women often experience different phases of prostitution: phases with exploitative pimps and phases without. Times when they are sold and times when they make their own decisions.

We are therefore convinced that it’s difficult to separate forced prostitution from voluntary prostitution. Both are co-dependent. Both take place in the same environment. We are not disputing the fact that some people prostitute themselves voluntarily. It’s more important to note that the lives of prostitutes frequently contain both elements and that the majority of prostitution in Germany takes place under forced conditions. 

I find it such a shame how many women in the red-light district kill themselves because of their desperate situation. Well, I have lost four friends who killed themselves in the red-light district. Simply because they were afraid of their pimps.
[...] That’s why I think it should just be banned because I can confirm 99% that the women are not doing it voluntarily.
And each client that visits prostitutes in German brothels always thinks “well, the woman’s doing it voluntarily, she obviously wants to do it with me” – no, that’s not the case. Although the woman takes in the client, she’s still being raped each time. It’s psychological rape, even though you’re selling your body and people think “oh, that’s not so bad”, but it destroys their spirit.

Even voluntary prostitution entails violence.

The relevant question in the discussion about prostitution is not about voluntariness, but about the nature of prostitution itself.

The system of prostitution assumes that it is acceptable to buy another person’s body and to buy another person’s sexuality.

In every exit process in recent years, we have witnessed that prostitution has left serious damage to the individuals involved.

Physical injuries and injuries to the soul. The psychological injuries are usually more severe and require more time to heal. Severe trauma-related disorders are widespread and take years to process. The severity of the damage becomes clear only after exiting, but it clearly shows: what people experience in prostitution is violence. Violence against their dignity, against their body, against their soul.

Prostitution as a system concerns all of us

What does it do to us as a society when one gender is commodified? When sexuality is no longer understood on a relational level but on a consumption level? What does it do to an individual when their sexuality is commodified?

These questions are difficult to resolve in a few sentences; we refer here to texts that we consider relevant.

EU Report on the Impact of Prostitution on Gender Equality and the assertion that prostitution constitutes violence: EU Report (PDF)

A legal and ethical examination of prostitution: “Sex Purchase – A Legal and Ethical Investigation”. Presentation of the report. – DIAKA – German Institute for Applied Crime Analysis

Die relevante Frage der Diskussion um Prostitution ist nicht die Frage der Freiwilligkeit, sondern die Frage um das Wesen von Prostitution.

Das System Prostitution geht davon aus, dass es in Ordnung ist, den Körper einer anderen Person zu kaufen und dass es in Ordnung ist, die Sexualität des Anderen zu kaufen.

Bei jeder Ausstiegsbegleitung in den letzten Jahren haben wir erlebt, dass Prostitution schwere Schäden bei der Person hinterlassen hat.

Körperliche Verletzungen und Verletzungen an der Seele. Die seelischen wiegen meist schwerer und benötigen mehr Zeit zum Heilen. Schwere Traumafolgestörungen sind weit verbreitet. Diese benötigen Jahre um verarbeitet zu werden. Die Schwere der Verletzung wird erst nach dem Ausstieg deutlich und zeigt aber ganz deutlich: Das, was Menschen in Prostitution erleben, ist Gewalt. Gewalt gegen ihre Würde, gegen ihren Körper, gegen ihre Seele.

Prostitution als System geht uns alle etwas an

Was macht es mit uns als Gesellschaft, wenn ein Geschlecht käuflich ist? Wenn Sexualität nicht mehr auf Beziehungsebene sondern auf Konsumebene verstanden wird? Was macht es mit einer Einzelnen Person, wenn ihre Sexualität käuflich ist?

Diese Frage lässt sich kaum in wenigen Sätzen klären, wir verweisen an dieser Stelle auf Texte, die wir für relevant halten.

EU-Report zu den Auswirkungen von Prostitution auf die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter und der Feststellung, dass es sich bei Prostitution um Gewalt handelt: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/A-9-2023-0240_DE.pdf 

Eine rechtliche und ethische Auseinandersetzung zur Prostitution: “Sexkauf – eine rechtliche und ethische Untersuchung”. Vorstellung des Gutachtens. – DIAKA – Deutsches Institut für angewandte Kriminalitätsanalyse

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