Human trafficking is a criminal offence in Germany. Forced prostitution as a form of human trafficking is governed in § 232a of the German Penal Code (StGB). Forced prostitution is also punishable under the umbrella of “exploitation of prostitutes” and “pimping”.
Human trafficking is a form of international organised crime. It is the fastest growing type of crime worldwide.
Human trafficking has many facets. On the one hand, criminals use the economic and social crisis in so-called emerging and developing countries to give people hope of a better life by luring them under false pretences and then forcing a dependency by means of threats, violence or debt bondage. On the other hand, people grow up in exploitative systems and are conditioned to be exploited as slaves, knowing no other way.
People are treated like goods: they are bought, sold and systematically exploited – human trafficking is modern slavery.
The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organised Crime (the Protocol) defines human trafficking as follows:
“Trafficking in persons” means the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse
of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation includes, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs”.”
§ 232 of the German Penal Code (StGB) defines the criminal offence of human trafficking in Germany. Forced prostitution as a form of human trafficking is outlined in § 232a of the German Penal Code (StGB). This is also punishable under § 180a StGB with regard to exploitation of prostitutes and § 181a StGB on pimping.
Since 2002, prostitution in Germany is no longer considered immoral but is rather a recognised trade. The Prostitution Act has been in force since 2017. It sets out rules around the topic of prostitution to prevent force and exploitation, and to protect those working in prostitution. It primarily comprises the obligation to health advice, registration as a prostitute and a licence requirement to run a prostitution network.
Further information about the Act is available here:
According to the Federal Statistical Office, only around a fifth of registered prostitutes are German nationals. The three most common foreign nationalities were Romanian (8,600 people), Bulgarian (2,600 people) and Hungarian (1,500 people).
In 2004, researcher Melissa Farley interviewed 854 women from nine countries (Canada, Colombia, Germany, Mexico, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey, USA, Zambia) and found the following:
You can read the whole study here:
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